Laser therapy for endobronchial malignancies

: Photodynamic therapy (PDT), neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG) laser therapy, electrocautery and microwave coagulation therapy are therapeutic options available for management of endobronchial malignancies. All of these treatment modalities have been used for both palliation of late obstructing cancers, and more recently have been used as primary treatment of early stage lung cancers. Only PDT has the curative potential for patients with early superficial squamous cell carcinoma. Nd-YAG laser therapy is used for direct thermal ablation of tissue in endobronchial malignancy. This equipment is the most widely used type of laser for bronchoscopic interventions because it has sufficient power to vaporize tissues and produces an excellent coagulation effect. But the risks of perforation and bleeding are high. Endobronchial electrocautery is the use of high-frequency electrical current that generates heat due to tissue resistance, resulting in destruction of tissue. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a form of noncontact electrocoagulation. The risks of perforation and igniting are much lower than with the Nd-YAG laser therapy. Microwave coagulation therapy refers to the use of all electromagnetic methods for inducing tumor destruction by using devices with frequencies of 2450 MHz. It is important to select these treatment methods appropriately according to each case.