Terahertz modulator based on graphene-embedded waveguide

We reported a novel terahertz modulator based on graphene-embedded waveguide. Comparing to previous solution, the terahertz wave-matter interaction in the modulator structure is enhanced greatly. In theory, the modulation depth can be nearly 100% as the simulation results show. Experimental characterisations are carried out through continuous terahertz wave system and the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (TDZ) system respectively. The best experimental modulation depth is 29.53%, which is much larger than state-of-art results.