Ophthalmic tuberculosis: features of the clinical course, diagnostics and therapy at the present stage (literature review)

Tuberculosis of the eyes is an extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis, in which both the layers and the appendage of the eye can be affected. This disease is specific and has bacterial aetiology. Tuberculosis lesion is characterized by a chronic course and results in visual function deterioration and disability of patients. The mechanism of tuberculosis development, statistical data on the Russian Federation, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmic tuberculosis are covered in this review. Special attention is paid to patients with HIV infection, as the interaction of these two diseases leads to their mutual progression. At the same time, patients with stage 4B of the disease are at an increased risk. Also, the lesion of the eyes often develops on the background of clinical forms of pulmonary tuberculosis.