Anatomy of the Breast

Breast aesthetics are determined by volume, soft tissue composition and distribution, shape/contour, tissue elasticity, location and appearance of the nipple-areolar complex, and proportionality of the breast with respect to the thoracic wall and the body. Thorough and comprehensive understanding of breast anatomy is critical for the safe and reliable performance of breast aesthetic procedures and to minimize complications. Knowledge of breast vascular supply, innervation, and chest wall muscular anatomy ensures the preservation of breast tissue and flap viability, nipple sensation, and functionality, respectively, while knowledge of breast landmarks ensures reproducible aesthetic outcomes. As there is substantial inter-patient and intra-patient variability in breast shape and size, breast modifications via augmentation mammoplasty, reduction mammoplasty, or mastopexy to improve aesthetic appearance should be individualized.