Management of Submacular Hemorrhage

The treatment options for submacular hemorrhage (SMH) secondary to choroidal neovascularization (CNV) are illustrated here. Several techniques are described including pneumatic displacement with intravitreal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and gas; vitrectomy followed by a subretinal rtPA injection and gas or air tamponade; anti-VEGF injections as a monotherapy; and submacular surgery, such as full macular translocation and autologous RPE-choroid patch graft.