The study of microdissection of endoscopic transnasal surgery in the sphenopalatine foramen

Objective:To provide anatomy evidence for endoscopic transnasal surgery in the sphenopalatine foramen by measuring and dissecting corpses.Method:The position, shape ,size and their correlational data of sphenopalatine foramen of 40 sides skulls in adults were measured.Result:Classification of the sphenopalatine foramen were as three types:Ⅰ35%; Ⅱ5%;Ⅲ 60%. The mean distance from upper edge of the sphenopalatine foramen to the base of the sphenopalatine sinus was male (1.75±1.10)mm,female(1.13±0.55) mm, and to the apertura sphenopalatine sinus was male (9.80±3.27)mm,female(8.30±3.45)mm.The mean distance from the posterior edge of the sphenopalatine foramen to the rhinopharynx was male(11.12±3.30)mm,female( 10.85± 3.12)mm.The mean distance from the anterior edge of the sphenopalatine foramen to the apertura maxillaris was male ( 18.50±6.80)mm,female( 14.57± 5.07)mm,and to the apex of nose was male (69.54 ± 6.98)mm,female( 66.57± 5.07)mm,and to the nasospinale was male (56.69±5.70)mm,female( 53.25± 8.80)mm. The horizontal diameter of the sphenopalation foramen was female( 4.61± 1.80)mm,male ( 5.12± 2.05)mm.The vertical diameter was male( 5.37± 2.67)mm,female( 0.35± 0.07)mm. The surface diameter of the sphenopalatine artery and nerves was male( 2.12± 0.66)mm,female( 1.61± 0.70)mm,and male( 0.65± 0.49)mm,female( 0.35± 0.07)mm. The mean angle from the sphnopalatine foramen to the horizontal plate of palatine bone was male( 22.83±4.71)°,female(22.73±3.81)°. Nasal lateral walls were controlled by lateral posterior nasal arteries and nerves, which were classified into three types:Ⅰ70%、Ⅱ20%、Ⅲ10%.Conclusion:The ostervation and survery about the sphenopalatinum foramen will supply clinic with anatomy homological.