Abdominal compartment syndrome in trauma patients
2010
Intra-abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are increasingly recognized to be
a contributing cause of organ dysfunction and mortality in critically ill
patients. The term abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) describes the
clinical manifestations of the pathologic elevation of the intra abdominal
pressure (IAP). This syndrome is most commonly observed in the setting of
severe abdominal trauma. ACS affects mainly the respiratory, cardiovascular,
renal, gastrointestinal and central nervous system. Preventing ACS by the
identification of patients at risk and early diagnosis is paramount to its
successful management. Because of the frequency of this condition, routine
measurement of intra abdominal pressure should be performed in high risk
patients in the intensive care unit. Surgical decompression is definitive
treatment of fully developed abdominal compartment syndrome, but nonsurgical
measures can often effectively affect lesser degrees of IAH and ACS.
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