Inhibiting hydrogen sulfide production in umbilical stem cells reduces their protective effects during experimental necrotizing enterocolitis

Abstract Introduction Umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (USC) have been shown to reduce illness in animal models of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), possibly through the paracrine release of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). We hypothesized that animals treated with USCs with inhibited H 2 S synthesis would exhibit more severe disease. Methods NEC was induced in five-day-old mouse pups by formula feeding and hypoxic and hypothermic stress. Experimental groups received intraperitoneal injection of either saline vehicle or 80,000cells/gram of one of the following cell types: USC, USCs with negative-control siRNA, or USCs with targeted siRNA inhibition of the H 2 S-producing enzymes. Pups were monitored by clinical assessment and after euthanasia, intestine and lung histologic injury were scored. Tissue was homogenized, and concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and VEGF were determined by ELISA. For statistical analysis, p  Results Animals treated with negative-control siRNA USCs were significantly improved compared to vehicle. Clinical sickness scores as well as intestinal and lung histologic injury scores in the targeted siRNA groups were significantly worse when compared to the negative-control siRNA group. IL-6, IL-10, and VEGF had varying patterns of expression in the different groups. Conclusion Inhibition of H 2 S production in USCs reduces the beneficial effects of these cells during therapy in experimental NEC. Level of evidence Animal studies are typically described as “foundational evidence” without a true level assigned. Type of study Animal Study.