An Assay on Mechanisms of the Anti-Fibrotic Effects of Honey

Fibrosis is a consequence of diverse continual compensation of various connective tissue in the body. That results in the formation of extracellular matrix that is why it forms a sandwiched between matrix and deterioration. It is well resolute and articulated as scarring and as of particular cell lines fibrosis is developed, such conditions are known as a fibroma. Immune cells produce several factors like cytokines, chemokines, etc. that serves as the best factors which affects the inflammation. A variety of synthetic and herbal drugs are accessible in the market that are specially designed for the treatment of fibrosis. Throughout the remedies, honey is one of the most common and easily available ingredient of our kitchen that contains numerous enzymes, vitamins, organic acids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acids, and volatile components. These phytochemicals are responsible for different pharmacological activities including anti-fibrotic effect. In this chapter, we focused on mechanisms of the anti-fibrotic effects of honey and we conclude that how honey inhibits the inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and other factors viz. PDGF, IL-4, TGF-β, and interleukin-13. These biomarkers are incorporated with proliferation and causes activation of myofibroblast cells. Balance for the extracellular matrix degradation and its synthesis helps determine ECM homeostasis. At last, these immune cells, endothelial or epithelial cells lead to apoptosis, proliferation, and repair at the damage site, resulting in the healing of the wound and showed a strong anti-fibrotic effect.