Fabrication of Dental Restorations Using Digital Technologies: Techniques and Materials

Digital technology such as computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) is rapidly expanding and transforming dentistry at an unprecedented pace. CAD/CAM technology in dentistry can be classified as either “subtractive” or “additive” manufacturing methods. Subtractive manufacturing method includes machining and milling (CAM) and laser ablation technologies, while additive manufacturing method includes 3D printing and laser melting technologies. Different materials (polymers, metals, and ceramics) and equipment are commercially available for various dental applications such as custom trays, surgical guides, temporary or definite fixed or removable dental prostheses, and orthodontic or maxillofacial appliances. This chapter reviews the main systems including production processes, dental applications, available materials and equipment, and advantages and limitations of the technology.