Water decomposition catalyst, preparation method thereof and application thereof

The invention discloses a water decomposition catalyst, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof. The water decomposition catalyst is in the form of crystals containing at least one component of a tetrahedral structure and selected from Li2MSiO4, Li2MTiO4, Li2MGeO4, Li2MSnO4 or Na2MP2O7, wherein M represents a transition metal. During the catalytic decomposition process of water, the water decomposition catalyst comes off along with Li/Na ions, and the crystal structure is rotated or rearranged. In this way, hydroxyl groups or water molecules, absorbed by two adjacent transition metal ions on the surfaces of crystals, form short hydrogen bonds. During the catalytic hydrolysis process of water by adopting the catalyst, transition metal ions on the surfaces of crystals absorb hydroxyl groups or water molecules so as to form short hydrogen bonds, so that the breakage potential energy of hydrogen bonds is reduced. H-O bonds are broken at the cost of the lower energy consumption, and the transfer of protons is facilitated. Therefore, protons can be transferred more quickly on the surfaces of crystals. A unique low-energy-barrier double center catalytic process is formed on the surfaces of crystals, and the water decomposition over potential is lowered. The catalytic efficiency is improved.