Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema: A rare case of complication after pacemaker implantation

Pneumothorax is a relatively common early complication after pacemaker implantation due to subclavian vein puncture, while pneumothorax associated pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema are rather unusual. Herein, we reported a case of bilateral pneumothorax associated with pneumomediastinum and widespread bilateral subcutaneous emphysema after pacemaker implantation due to percutaneous subclavian vein approach after multiple attempts and was successfully relieved by continuous low-volume oxygen inhalation, subcutaneous needles, and incision drainage.