Side effects of contraceptive methods in Thailand

A survey of 4117 married women (aged 15-44) was conducted in Thailand to determine the side effects of contraceptive use there. Side effects were self-reported because a womans perception of side effects has a direct bearing on switching or discontinuation of a contraceptive method. Thailand has an extremely successful family planning program with female sterilization the most commonly used form of contraception. The survey revealed that younger women are much more likely to use the pill or injectables (like Depo-Provera) both of which carry a high incidence of side effects. Variations in reporting of side effects were related to method place of residence religion and the educational level of women. 4 categories of side effects were considered: medical/health; headache or dizziness; emotional problems; and no problems. The study revealed that medical/health side effects were reported most frequently by women living in Bangkok Buddhists and women with the lowest levels of education. Of all contraceptive methods side effects for the pill and injectables were highest regardless of duration of use educational level of women or source of contraception. Discontinuation and switching of contraceptive methods because of side effects was highest among users of the pill and Depo-Provera. More information about the reasons for discontinuation or switching of contraceptive methods including social-psychological variables and medical documentation of side effects would be helpful. Additional contraceptive use surveys currently underway in Thailand may provide answers to these questions.