Protocolo anatômico-cirúrgico das relações entre os nervos laríngeos recorrentes e as artérias tireóideas inferiores: estudo em 79 tireoidectomias

BACKGROUND: Care in preserving the recurrent laryngeal nerves and the parathyroids glands, during thyroidectomies, continue to challenge surgeons because of the serious complications, which can occur when they are inadequately handled. The work aimed at establishing a surgical-anatomical protocol of the relations between the recurrent laryngeal nerves with the lower thyroidal arteries and identify and preserve the nerves and the parathyroids glands, in the course of total and partial thyroidectomies. METHODS: The photographic records during the surgery have been obtained from 79 patients who were submitted to total and partial thyroidectomies (total right or left lobectomy and istmectomy) respectively, with identification of the nerves and arteries, both unilateral and bilateral, proposing to expose the anatomical relations between these structures, operated on between January 2005 and July 2006. RESULTS: The photographic records were adapted to the schematic drawings so as to establish the major anatomical points of reference of the recurrent laryngeal nerves vis-a-vis the inferior thyroidal arteries were completed in a total of 116 recurrent laryngeal nerves. CONCLUSION: The intrinsic relation of the nerves with the arteries can occur in different forms, including the congenital abnormalities, as that of the non-recurrent laryngeal, the prelaryngeal duplications and triplications of the nerve, undoubtedly hindering the identification of such structures. Even under the protection of the anatomic and surgical difficulties, a clear identification of the nerve, artery and the parathyroid glands is imperative to preserve them in the course of total and partial thyroidectomies in order to avoid post-surgical complications.