Optimization of the Solid Phase Synthesis of the Ingramon Peptide Antagonist of the Human Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (MCP-1)

The solid phase synthesis (SPS) of the ingramon peptide antagonist of the human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (H-Asp-His-Leu-Asp-Lys-Gln-Thr-Gln-Thr-Pro-Lys-Thr-OH), which exhibited the anti-inflammatory activity, was optimized. Side products of the Fmoc-SPS of this peptide were studied. Their structures were determined by the 1H NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by the synthesis. Methodological ways to minimize of a formation of impurities in the course of the ingramon SPS were found. The reproducible SPS procedure of the ingramon preparation that resulted in the formation of the minimum amount of such side products as [Asi4]-, [D-Asp4]-, and [βAsp4]-peptides was elaborated.