Toxicologic assessment of Paecilomyces tenuipes in rats: renal toxicity and mutagenic potential.

Abstract Paecilomyces tenuipes is entomogenous fungus that is called snow-flake Dongchunghacho in Korea. Although it is widely used in traditional medicines, its safety has not yet been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity, acute and subchronic toxicity of P. tenuipes . The acute oral LD 50 of P. tenuipes extract in rats was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg of body weight. In the subchronic study, the oral treatment of rats with 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/kg P. tenuipes extract daily for 13 weeks did not induce any dose-related changes (body weight, food consumption, clinical observation, urinalysis, hematology, clinical chemistry and organ weight). In contrast, histopathological observation revealed that P. tenuipes extract induced karyomegaly in outer medulla of kidney in all treated rats. Importantly, P. tenuipes extract exerted the mutagenic potential in Ames assay. Since karyomegalic alterations have been known to be associated with carcinogenicity, our finding on the mutagenicity of P. tenuipes extract supports the possibility on the potential involvement of P. tenuipes in carcinogenicity at least partially. In conclusion, the subchronic oral exposure of P. tenuipes may induce kidney abnormality at the concentration higher than 500 mg/kg body weight, although further studies using other animal models are needed to identify the toxicity of P. tenuipes .