Three-Dimensional and Dynamic Endovaginal Ultrasonography for Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Levator Ani Damage

The complex levator ani anatomy is perhaps best visualized with three-dimensional endovaginal ultrasonography. In this chapter we will investigate imaging of different levator ani subdivisions and their relationship to the levator plate movement and function. We will also address the occurrence of levator ani muscle injury during childbirth and investigate the role of pelvic ultrasound to identify and quantify the amount of birth-related levator ani muscle trauma.