Normal and Abnormal Ventricular Automaticity in the Human Heart

Studies of the factors which may affect the activity of normal idioventricular pacemakers or cause abnormal ventricular automaticity in the human heart, have been scarce [1–4]. In this article, we will discuss: 1) some basic properties of idioventricular pacemakers; 2) the ventricular escapes arising from the injured fascicle (EIF) in patients with bundle branch block (BBB); and 3) the main features of ventricular automaticity in patients with complete A-V block.