Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs)

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is a technology that emerged after the consolidation of several membrane processes like ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration and dialysis. MBRs are being implanted in many wastewater treatment plants and can be considered an essential technology when water reuse is aimed. In this Chapter several types of MBRs are commented and the phenomenon of membrane fouling is also discussed. Finally the utilization of activated carbon in MBRs and the combination of MBRs with moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) is commented.