Applications of electrochemical biosensor of aptamers-based (APTASENSOR) for the detection of leukemia biomarker

Abstract Leukemia is a deadly cancer disease, and according to World Health Organization (WHO) data, there were 437,033 cases across the world in 2018. Early detection of this cancer is very difficult, as its symptoms are hidden and clinically invisible. Conventional leukemia detection methods are very costly and time-consuming, so a simple, sensitive, and rapid method is needed. The electrochemical biosensor is an alternative method. Bioreceptor modification has been shown to increase the performance of the biosensors. Currently, Aptamers are potential molecule probes with which to diagnose the development of leukemia. The selected aptamers are obtained by Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX) method. Aptamers are excellent compared to antibodies, as they have low toxicity, are easy to modify, offer high stability, can easily penetrate tissues, and have a low production cost. Furthermore, the technology of aptamers as biosensor was selective process on the unique cells. It has high affinity, selectivity, and sensitivity when bound specifically with a molecule or biomarker. Aptamers have dissociation constant which is in the range of nM to pM. This review summarizes the aptamers aptamers type for leukemia and the development of leukemia diagnosis using the electrochemical aptamers-based biosensor. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potential applications of aptamers as leukemia aptasensor.