Health effects of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and waterpipes/ A cigaretta, az elektromos cigaretta és a vízipipa egészségre gyakorolt hatása.

Osszefoglalo. A dohanyzas karos hatasainak vizsgalata hosszu ideje az orvostudomany egyik legintenzivebben kutatott terulete. A nagy tudomanyos erdeklodesnek koszonhetoen ma mar meggyozo evidenciak allnak rendelkezesre a hagyomanyos cigaretta hasznalatanak szamos negativ hatasarol. Ezzel ellentetben a sokkal kesobb bevezetett helyettesito termekek veszelyeirol lenyegesen kevesebbet tudunk. E korbe tartozik a manapsag egyre nepszerubb elektromos cigaretta is, amelyre egyre tobb, egeszsegugyi kockazatot felmero munka fokuszal. Ugyanakkor a tobb evszazados multra visszatekinto es a vilag bizonyos helyein sokaig nepszeru vizipipa erdekes esetnek szamit, mivel hasznaloinak szama a nyugati vilagban az utobbi idoben megugrott, de az emberre gyakorolt hatasa szamos ponton meg vita targyat kepezi. A jelen munka celja, hogy a hazai es a nemzetkozi szakirodalom alapjan felterkepezze a hagyomanyos cigaretta, az elektromos cigaretta es a vizipipa fontosabb egeszsegugyi hatasait, es ramutasson azokra a kapcsolodo teruletekre, ahol tovabbi kutatasok szuksegesek. A szakirodalmi attekintes soran a kulonbozo publikacios adatbazisokban fellelheto tudomanyos cikkeket elemeztuk. A megvizsgalt szakirodalom alapjan a tartos dohanyzasnak bizonyitottan a sziv-er rendszert es a legzorendszert karosito hatasa van, de novekvo szamu bizonyitek utal a neurologiai karos hatasokra es a gasztroenterologiai hatasokra is. Ugyanakkor az elektromos cigaretta es a vizipipa eseteben a bizonyitott akut hatasok mellett a hosszu tavu hatasokat illetoen tovabbi intenziv kutatasokra van szukseg. Az elektromos cigaretta es a vizipipa eseteben a hosszu tavu hatasok kapcsan a meggyozo evidencia hianya semmikeppen nem jelenti azt, hogy ezen termekeket kockazatmentesnek kellene tekinteni, sot a pulmonologusoknak es a donteshozoknak mindent meg kell tenniuk annak erdekeben, hogy valamennyi dohanytermek torvenyi szabalyozasa azok hasznalatanak visszaszoritasat celozza. A kerdes fontossaganak a COVID-19-pandemia kulonos aktualitast ad. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(3): 83-90. Summary. Revealing the health effects associated with smoking has been in the focus of intense research for decades. Due to these research efforts, there is a convincing evidence regarding the negative effects of conventional cigarettes. However, much less is known about the replacement products such as electronic cigarettes. Moreover, the effects of waterpipes are also not fully explored, in spite of their long history. The scope of the present work is to survey the open literature to map the knowledge related to the health effects of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes and waterpipes. The analysis of the related scientific literature was performed based on papers retrieved in large publication repositories. Based on the reviewed literature, long-term smoking has demonstrated adverse effects on the respiratory as well as the heart and circulatory systems. In addition, the correlation between cigarette smoking and some gastroenterological and neurological diseases is also increasingly evident. By the same token, though the acute effects of e-cigarette and waterpipe are well documented, the protracted effects are still to be explored. The lack of pertinent information regarding the late effects of e-cigarette and hookah does not imply that there is no health risk associated with their consumption. On the contrary, in addition to the regular antismoke measures, pulmonologists and policy makers should do everything to lower the consumption of these alternative products. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(3): 83-90.