Occurrence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Aerococcus and Enterococcus Strains Isolated from Acute and Chronic Cellulites of Dental Origin in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Cellulites of dental origin are extensive polymicrobial infections of the face and neck cell-adipose tissues. Management of infections of this nature presents significant challenges. The key to this is the identification of the causative organisms and determination of their susceptibility to antibiotics. Enterococcus and Aerococcus are pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. Despite their low virulence, these microorganisms are responsible for many human infections. A major problem with these bacteria is their frequent multidrug resistance. The lack of data on these bacterial strains involved in the cellulite in Burkina Faso thus justifies the choice of Enterococcus and Aerococcus. This study was therefore undertaken to determine bacterial etiologies and antibiotic resistance profiles associated with cellulites cases in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A total of 62 samples from patients were analyzed. The isolates were obtained using conventional microbiology procedures. Strains were identified by using API 20 Strep (bioMerieux, France). Antibiotic susceptibility and detection of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were performed according to the European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). The patients were 41.9% males and 58.1% females. Aerococcus was isolated from 30 patients and Enterococcus from 7. Aerococcus strains were resistant to metronidazole (100%), cefixim (93.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (86.7 %), oxacillin (83.3%), penicillin G (83.3%), cefotaxime (80%), chloramphenicol (80%), cefuroxime (76.7%) and to ceftriaxone (76.7%). Enterococcus strains were resistant to metronidazole (100%), cefixim (100%), cefotaxim (100%), ceftriaxone (100%), cefuroxime (100%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%), penicillin G (100%), oxacillin (100%) and to amoxicillin (100%). Only one Aerococcus viridans strain was positive for ESBL production (2.7%). The emergence of resistance among the bacterial strains that have been implicated in odontogenic infections is a public health issue in Burkina Faso that warrants a significant degree of concern.