Pharmacological profile of celecoxib, a specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor.

The pharmacological profile of celecoxib (CAS 169590-42-5, SC-58635), a specific cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, was investigated. Celecoxib inhibited COX-2-mediated prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) production in human dermal fibroblasts (IC 50 = 91 nmol/l), whereas it was a weak inhibitor of COX-1-mediated PGE 2 production in human lymphoma cells (IC 50 = 2800 nmol/l). In in vivo studies, the effects of celecoxib were compared with those of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in acute rat models of hyperalgesia and pyrexia. Celecoxib abrogated carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia in the hind paw accompanied by a decrease in PGE 2 content in paw exudates and cerebrospinal fluid in a dose-related manner, with an ED 30 = 0.81 mg/kg. Its analgesic potency was comparable to those of NSAIDs. In lipopolysaccharide-induced pyrexia, the antipyretic potency of celecoxib was equal to that of NSAIDs. On the other hand, in a gastric toxicity study in rats, single oral administration of celecoxib had no effect on gastric mucosa or mucosal PGE 2 content at doses up to 200 mg/kg. Additionally, celecoxib did not inhibit thromboxane B 2 production of calcium ionophore-stimulated peripheral blood of rats or arachidonic acid-induced aggregation of human platelets. These findings suggest that celecoxib might be a safe and effective alternative to NSAIDs for clinical use.