Profilaxis universal para citomegalovirus en pacientes pediátricos con trasplante renal

2010 
Citomegalovirus (CMV) es el agente infeccioso mas importante entre los receptores de trasplante renal. La infeccion ocurre entre el segundo y sexto mes despues del trasplante. Dada la implicacion del CMV en la evolucion del trasplante renal es necesario el uso racional de tratamiento antivirales. En nuestro medio la realizacion de antigenemia para CMV resulta costosa y no disponible en instituciones publicas, por lo que se administra profilaxis a todos los pacientes trasplantados. Describir evolucion clinica de pacientes pediatricos con trasplante renal quienes recibieron profilaxis universal para citomegalovirus. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, en pacientes trasplantados relanes del Hospital de Ninos J.M. de Los Rios, periodo enero 2008 julio 2009 quienes recibieron profilaxis universal para CMV. Se describe la evolucion de dichos pacientes en los primeros 6 meses postrasplante, evaluando signos/sintomas que sugirieren enfermedad por CMV. Se realizo comparacion estadistica entre dos grupos de pacientes segun seropositividad para CMV, determinando medidas de tendencias central , prueba Chi cuadrado. Se estuadiaron 20 pacientes, 18 (90%) sexo femenino y 2 (10%) masculino. Edad `promedio 12,9 anos (DE±3,2). Patologia base: 10 com glomerulopatia (50%) y 10 (50%) malformacion sistema urinario. De total, 14 (70%) tenian IgG positiva para CMV; donantes 19 (95%). En 6 (30%) receptor negativo, donante seropositivo (R-/D+). Uno de los individuos (5%) evoluciono torpidamente, el resto 19 (95%) no presento sintomas, alteraciones hematologicas y/o de quimica sanguinea compatible con enfermedad por CMV. En el grupo R-/D+ el porcentaje de rechazo fue 50% (3/6) y en el grupo R±/D± 42,9% (3/14), sin diferencia estadisticamente significativas. La mayoria de los pacientes se mantuvieron sin manifestaciones compatibles con enfermedad por CMV al recibir profilaxis universal.(AU) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most important infection agent in renal transplant recipients. Infection occurs between the second and the sixth month posttransplant. Because of the importance of the CMV in the course of renal transplant, it is neccesary the rational use of antiviral treatments. In our hospitals, the practice of antigenemia for CMV is of high cost and it cannot be performed in public institutions, and the regular practice is to provide universal prophylaxis to transplant patients. To describe clinical cource of pediatrics patients with renal transplant who received iniversal prophylaxis for CMV. Descriptive and retrospective study, including kidney transplanted patients admitted in the Children Hospital J.M. de Los Rios, from January 2008 to July 2009, who received universal prophylaxis for CMV. Description of patients outcome during the first six months after transplantation, evaluating signs and symptoms of probable CMV. Comparisons between two groups of patients taking into account the seropositivity for CMV. Meassurement of central tendency, Chi square. Twenty patients were included, 18 (90%) women, and 2 (10%) men. Mean age 12.9 years (DE ± 3.2). Co morbidities were glomerulopathy 50% (10) and malformations of the urinary tract 50%. Of the total, 70% (14) were positive for IgG CMV; 95% of donors (19). In 6 (30%) the receptor was negative, and the donor positive (R-/ D+). One of the patients presented a tropid outcome, while the others (95%) were clinically well with no laboratory abnormalities. In the group R-/D+ the percentage of kidney rejection was 50% (3/6) and in the group R+/D+42,9%(3/14), without statistical significant difference. Most of the patients did not have clinical signs of CMV sickness while receiving universal prophylaxis.(AU)
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