Accurate precision cosmology with redshift unknown gravitational wave sources

Gravitational waves can provide an accurate measurement of the luminosity distance to the source but cannot provide the source redshift unless the degeneracy between mass and redshift can be broken. This makes it essential to infer the redshift of the source independently to measure the expansion history of the Universe. We show that by exploiting the clustering scale of the gravitational wave sources with galaxies of a known redshift, we can infer the expansion history from redshift unknown gravitational wave sources. By using gravitational wave sources of unknown redshift that are detectable from the network of gravitational wave detectors with Advanced LIGO design sensitivity, we will be able to obtain accurate and precise measurements of the local Hubble constant, the expansion history of the Universe, and the gravitational wave bias parameter, which captures the distribution of gravitational wave sources with respect to the redshift tracer distribution. While we showcase its application to low redshift gravitational waves, this technique will be applicable also to the high redshift gravitational wave sources detectable from Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), Cosmic Explorer (CE), and Einstein Telescope (ET). Moreover, this method will also be applicable to samples of supernovae and fast radio bursts with unknown or photometric redshifts.