Postoperative Olfaction Alteration Following Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is an effective method of treatment for morbid obesity that is known to change nutritional habits. Proper nutrition has an impact on postoperative recovery and outcomes. Diet preferences depend on flavour and olfaction stimuli. Some studies show long-term changes in the sense of smell after bariatric surgery, but little research has addressed olfactory function shortly after surgery. Observations of olfactory changes that occur immediately after bariatric surgery may lead to improvements in postoperative care. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of bariatric surgery on olfactory changes in the short postoperative period. Material and methods: This is a prospective study of patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) between April 2018 and December 2018. The control group consists of patients who underwent various non-oncological elective surgical procedures. Patients’ olfaction was tested qualitatively and quantitatively the day before and 24 h after surgery. Sniffin Sticks test consists of three subtests: odor threshold, discrimination, and identification. Results: The study enrolled 83 patients (LSG = 39; LRYGB = 14; control = 30). Mean scores in the threshold subtest differed significantly in the bariatric group, 9.3 ± 3.9 before the surgery and 8.2 ± 3.0 a day after the surgery (p = 0.032). There were no significant differences between scores from the discrimination subtest, identification subtest and the mean total scores in the bariatric group. There was no observed change in the intensity of the smell in the control group. Analyzing the results of patients undergoing LSG and LRYGB separately, we only showed significant differences in the case of LSG. Mean score from the 1st test (9.12 ± 3.97 vs. 7.75 ± 2.98; p = 0.0339) and mean total score (32.83 ± 5.45 vs. 30.67 ± 4.88; p = 0.0173) differ between repetitive measurements in LSG patients. Conclusions: Our study shows deterioration of odor threshold in the bariatric surgery group compared to the control group 24 h after surgery. However, this change occurred only in patients undergoing LSG.