Older Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Who Live Alone: An Analysis from the REHAB-HF Trial: Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Living Alone

Abstract Background We assessed the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) who live alone and how they were different from patients who lived with someone else. Methods We analyzed patients in the REHAB-HF Trial. Patients were ≥60 years with preserved or reduced ejection fraction who were hospitalized with ADHF. Results Of 202 patients, 67 (33.2%) lived alone. Patients who lived alone had a mean age of 72.4±7.8 years, 64% (n=43) of whom were female, 52% (n=35) were non-white and had a mean 6.1±5.5 comorbidities. Patients living alone were largely similar in baseline characteristics, comorbid burden and prescribed medications to patients living with someone else. However, patients living alone were more likely to be female than patients living with someone else (63% [n=43] vs. 49% [n=66], p=0.04). Patients living alone had severe impairments in physical function and QoL. Cognitive dysfunction was present in 81% of those living alone. However, after adjusting for sex, no differences in physical function, depression, cognitive dysfunction or QoL were noted between patients who lived alone or those who lived with someone else. Conclusions In this diverse population of older ADHF patients, 33% lived alone (versus 26% in the general population). Those living alone were more often female, non-white, and had >6 comorbidities. Treatment strategies for older ADHF patients should consider the potential impact of social determinants.