Enhancement of cardiac oxidative stress by tachycardia and its critical role in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis

ObjectiveTo examine the mechanism and significance of tachycardia-induced cardiac damage, using azelnidipine, a relatively new dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker which does not increase heart rate.MethodsComparing azelnidipine and amlodipine, we examined the cardiac effects and the direct effec