Gender differences in human immunodeficiency virus-related oral lesions : An Italian study

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral lesions and gender, age, CD4 + cell count, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) viral load, antiretroviral therapy, and route of transmission in a group of HIV-infected (HIV+) persons from the Mediterranean region. Study Design: The participants in this study were HIV+ adults who sought dental care between January 1999 and June 1999 in the Department of Oral Medicine (University of Palermo, Italy). Results: One hundred thirty-six HIV+ adults came in for an initial oral examination. Their mean age was 35.2 years (SD ± 7.97), and 33% were women. Their mean CD4 + cell count was 325.3 × 10 6 /L (SD ± 225.8), and their HIV-1 viral load was 39,168.3 copies/mL (SD ± 144,256.1). Oral lesions were found in 47% of the study group, as well as in 56.5% of women (n = 46) versus 45.5% of men (n = 90; P = .05). Oral candidiasis was the most common disease; it is significantly associated with women ( P = .004), CD4 + cell count ( P = .005), and HIV-1 viral load ( P = .0003). No significant relationships were found between any types of oral lesions and age, antiretroviral therapy, or route of transmission ( P > .2). Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV-related oral lesions was significantly higher in women than in men, especially for oral candidiasis, the most common lesion observed related to immune status and HIV-1 viral load. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001;91:546-51)