Randomized Pilot Test of a Simultaneous Stage-Matched Exercise and Diet Intervention for Breast Cancer Survivors

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To investigate the feasibility and preliminary effects of a simultaneous stage-matched exercise and diet (SSED) intervention in breast cancer survivors. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Oncology outpatient treatment clinics at the National Cancer Center in South Korea. SAMPLE: 45 women with breast cancer who completed their cancer therapy. METHODS: Participants were assigned to the SSED intervention group (n = 23) or a control group (n = 22). Participants in the SSED group received a 12-week individualized intervention promoting prescribed exercise and a balanced diet through stage-matched telephone counseling and a workbook. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Program feasibility, behavioral outcomes (stage of motivational readiness for exercise and diet, physical activity, and diet quality), and quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes (functioning and global QOL, fatigue, anxiety, and depression). FINDINGS: Participant evaluations of the SSED intervention indicated that it was feasible and acceptable. All women felt that the overall intervention contents were appropriate, and 95% believed that the intervention helped to promote healthy behaviors. Objective data also supported the SSED intervention's feasibility (i.e., 91% completed the trial and 100% of intervention calls were received). When compared to control, the SSED intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in motivational readiness for exercise and diet, emotional functioning, fatigue, and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results suggest that the SSED intervention delivered via telephone counseling and workbook is feasible and beneficial for positive behavioral and QOL outcomes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurse-led lifestyle interventions may improve QOL for cancer survivors.