Research progress of sacral neuromodulation procedure in the treatment of chronic constipation and fecal incontinence

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) procedure has become a new therapy to treat chronic constipation and fecal incontinence. The surgical procedure is easy and safe. It has a small incision compared with traditional surgery and is mainly used in patients whose traditional treatment was unsuccessful. Chronic constipation is one of the most common digestive symptoms. The quality of life in patients with severe constipation has decreased greatly. Although the incidence of fecal incontinence in China is not as high as that of constipation, it also seriously affects the life of the patients, resulting in a decline in the quality of life. Although the mechanism of SNM is uncertain, with more studies conducted, understanding has become more profound, and the curative effect has been recognized. SNM can improve the symptoms and the quality of life. Many studies have reported SNM treatment. Furthermore, some trials on SNM have been conducted. It is used after colorectal resections to promote symptoms of bowel dysfunction. However, few studies reported regarding SNM for constipation and fecal incontinence in China, and knowledge regarding SNM is limited. In this article, we will mainly discuss SNM in the treatment of chronic constipation and fecal incontinence, and its research progress on the mechanism and method, surgical procedure, effectiveness, complications, postoperative contraindications, and the population who need to pay attention, in order to provide reference for the treatment of SNM in China. Key words: Sacral neuromodulation; Constipation; Faecal incontinence