Onset of Visual Snow Syndrome After First Migraine Episode in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report and Review of Literature

ABSTRACT: Introduction Visual Snow Syndrome (VSS) is a neurological disorder characterized by persistent positive visual disturbances. VSS is known to be a rare condition, however it is becoming increasingly recognized by neurologists and neuroophthalmologists. Despite this, it is not commonly described in pediatric patients. Methods We describe the case of a pediatric patient with onset of persistent visual phenomena at the age of 13-years, which she described as “TV static,” with associated afterimages, photopsia, nyctalopia, and photophobia. These visual disturbances have persisted for two years. Results The patient’s MRI revealed approximately 15 T2/FLAIR hyperintensities in keeping with changes secondary to migraine. The ophthalmologic examination did not reveal an underlying cause. The patient’s visual symptoms have been resistant to medications. Conclusion VSS is a recently described syndrome that is debilitating to patients. Further case descriptions, characterization of presentation, and management of patients with VSS, specifically in pediatric cases, is required.