Impacto de un programa de salud sobre perfil metabólico y autoconcepto en adolescentes con obesidad (Impact of a health program on metabolic profile and self-concept in adolescents with obesity)

2020 
Se analizo el impacto de un programa de salud para adolescentes con problema de obesidad. La intervencion duro 14 semanas, consistio en tres condiciones (control, experimental y experimental con fototerapia) y los indicadores fueron medidas del perfil metabolico y cinco dimensiones del autoconcepto (Inventario de autoconcepto forma AF-5). Diseno cuasi-experimental con mediciones pre-post. La condicion de control unicamente fue evaluada en dos ocasiones. Un grupo experimental recibio orientacion nutricional y realizo actividad fisica (bicomponente). El segundo grupo experimental recibio, ademas, sesiones de fototerapia. Se analizaron las diferencias basales (pretest) encontrando diferencias entre las tres condiciones en trigliceridos y autoconcepto familiar. Los resultados finales indicaron que la administracion de orientacion nutricional, actividad fisica y fototerapia se relaciono con mejoras en el pliegue tricipital, trigliceridos y glicemia (p < .05). La administracion de cualquiera de las condiciones experimentales, incluyeran o no fototerapia, se correspondia con mejor autoconcepto social respecto del grupo de control. Se concluye que la participacion en un programa de salud que incluye orientacion nutricional y actividad fisica puede producir en corto plazo cambios en la distribucion de la adiposidad y el autoconcepto social en adolescentes con obesidad.  Abstract . We analyzed the impact of a health program for adolescents with obesity. The intervention lasted 14 weeks and consisted of three subgroups (control, experimental and experimental with phototherapy); the indicators measured were the metabolic profile and five dimensions of the Self-concept Inventory Form 5 (AF-5). This was a quasi-experimental design with pre-post measurements. The control condition was evaluated only twice. The experimental group received nutritional orientation and performed physical activity (bicomponent). The second experimental group also received phototherapy sessions. Baseline (pretest) differences were analyzed, finding differences between the three subgroups in triglyceride levels and family self-concept. Final results indicated that nutritional orientation, physical activity, and phototherapy were related to improvements in the tricipital fold, triglyceride levels, and glycemia (p < .05). The administration of any of the experimental conditions, with or without phototherapy, corresponded with better social self-concept with respect to the control group. It is concluded that participation in a health program that includes nutritional orientation and physical activity can produce, in the short term, changes in the distribution of adiposity and social self-concept in adolescents with obesity.
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