Adverse effects of beta adrenergic blockers during spinal anesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine

Protocol for perioperative usage of beta blockers was used in only 9% of major clinics in the USA. It is a very common practice to discontinue beta blockers during the perioperative period or to maximally reduce their doses. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the incidence of adverse effects of beta blockers during large-scale trauma and orthopedic surgeries in spinal anesthesia.