Ipsilateral Percutaneous Transhepatic Portal Vein Embolization with Gelatin Sponge Particles and Coils in Preparation for Extended Right Hepatectomy for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ipsilateral percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization (PTPVE) with gelatin sponge particles and coils to induce lobar hypertrophy in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma in preparation for extended right hepatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 1999 and 2004, PTPVE was performed in 22 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (mean age, 67 years; range, 57–77 y; 16 men and six women). Percutaneous puncture of the right portal vein was performed under ultrasound guidance. A reverse-curve catheter was used for right portal vein embolization. Coils were used to occlude second-order branches. The future liver remnant volume was assessed by comparing computed tomographic scans before and 14–24 days after PTPVE. RESULTS PTPVE was technically successful in all cases. The average increase in ratio of future liver remnant volume to total liver volume was 8.6%. Liver function tests after PTPVE but before surgery showed no significant changes. Nineteen patients underwent hepatic resection without liver failure. In three patients, tumors could not be removed because of detection of extrahepatic disease. One patient who underwent successful hepatic resection had an abscess in the removed right lobe. CONCLUSION Ipsilateral PTPVE with gelatin sponge and coils appears to be effective and safe for extended right hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.