Multiple Approaches for the Treatment of Rectoceles

Rectoceles involve herniation of the anterior rectal wall through the rectovaginal septum and into the posterior vaginal wall. They are often found in females, rarely in men, and may or may not be related to evacuatory disorders. Since the immediate cause of rectoceles is not completely known, the baseline prevalence has not been well established, and due to the concurrence of both vaginal and rectal symptomatology, cases are under the care of either gynecologists, colorectal surgeons, or both. Rectoceles are often asymptomatic, but when symptoms do arise, it can be debilitating, affecting daily life. A working knowledge of anatomy, symptomatology, medical therapies, and surgical options are necessary in the proper diagnosis and treatment of a rectocele. The ultimate goal in any surgery is restoration of function; techniques for accomplishing this will be discussed.