Synthetic and natural surfactant differentially modulate inflammation after meconium aspiration.

Objective Meconium aspiration syndrome remains a relevant cause of neonatal respiratory failure and is associated with severe pulmonary changes including surfactant inactivation and pronounced inflammatory changes. The present study investigated the effect of two different surfactant preparations—recombinant surfactant protein C surfactant (rSP-C Surf) and natural bovine surfactant—on pulmonary gas exchange and inflammatory response.