Niveles séricos de adipocitocinas y resistencia a la insulina en el primer trimestre de gestación en adolescentes y su relación con el peso del recién nacido

Introduction: The approach to the physiology of pregnancy based on adipokine behavior and the homeostasis-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) model, along with their relationship to neonatal weight, has been poorly studied in adolescent pregnant women. Objective: To determine possible correlations between adipokines –leptin and adiponectin– and HOMA-IR in pregnant women aged 14 to 17 years, and first-trimester body mass index (BMI) and neonatal weight. Materials and methods: In the weeks 11 to 14 of gestation, the biochemical variables leptin, adiponectin, glycemia and insulin were measured and HOMA-IR was calculated. Maternal and neonatal anthropometric variables were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed with Pearson correlation and the p value. Results: We noticed a positive correlation of serum leptin levels with HOMA-IR in the first trimester of gestation (r=0.5, p≤0.000) and a negative correlation between adiponectin and HOMA-IR (r=-0.4; p=0.017), along with positive correlations between BMI and leptin, insulin and HOMA-IR (r=0.83 and p <0.000, r=0.56 and p≤0.000; r=0.54 and p≤0.000, respectively). In adolescent non-obese mothers with no history of dyslipidemia, there was a positive correlation between HOMA-IR and neonatal weight (r=0.43, p=0.012). Conclusions: Leptin and HOMA-IR showed a positive correlation, while adiponectin and HOMA-IR showed a negative correlation. Leptin and HOMA-IR were positively correlated with BMI. HOMA-IR correlated with the weight of neonates of non-obese adolescents without dyslipidemia.