A rare case of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma accompanied by abdominal compartment syndrome

We report a rare case of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). A 45-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with severe right back pain. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a 20 cm bleeding tumor in the right kidney. We performed transarterial embolization (TAE) of the right renal artery and capsular branches. After TAE, the condition of the patient deteriorated, resulting in multiple organ failure. On day 6 after admission, open right nephrectomy was performed through a transperitoneal approach. He soon recovered from multiple organ failure and was discharged from hospital 31 days postoperatively. We confirmed that the preoperative organ failures caused intra-abdominal hypertension, and thus attributed the life-threatening symptoms to ACS. This represents the first report of renal cell carcinoma presenting as ACS.