Mono is Enough: Instance Segmentation from Single Annotated Sample

With the help of various Deep Neural Networks, instance segmentation has achieved significant progress. How-ever, these successes are heavily reliant on large-scale manually annotated samples, which are extremely time-consuming and expensive. To address this issue, we propose a highly efficient anisotropic data augmentation method, which generates high quality training data from a single manually annotated sample. Instead of equivalently modifying foreground and background like traditional data augmentation methods, we focus on en-riching the diversities of foreground appearance and positional relation between foreground and background, which are ben-eficial for the classification and localization sub-tasks respec-tively. All foreground instances of the source annotated sample undergo various rotation, brightness change, rescale, distortion and frequency-component mixup (FCM). Then, these modified instances are randomly embedded into background, which serve as new training samples. Experiments on Cityscapes dataset show that our method significantly outperforms traditional data augmentation methods.