Etiologies des décès dans les services d’urgences et de réanimation dans deux hôpitaux de la ville de Yaoundé

ESUME INTRODUCTION : Le but de l’etude etait d’analyser les causes des deces survenant dans les services des urgences et de reanimation, en vue d’ameliorer la qualite de la prise en charge des patients. METHODOLOGIE : Il s’agit d’une etude transversale descriptive retrospective et prospective qui a eu lieu dans les services des urgences et de reanimation de deux hopitaux de Yaounde. Nous avons inclus tous les dossiers des patients decedes dans ces services. RESULTATS : Notre echantillon etait compose de 252 dossiers dont 94 aux urgences et 158 en reanimation. L’âge moyen des sujets etait 42 ± 2,8 ans, la tranche d’âge de 20-40 ans etait predominante. Le sexe feminin representait 53,8 % des cas aux urgences et 52,1 % en reanimation. Le principal motif d’admission etait l’alteration de l’etat de conscience (61,1 % aux urgences et 51,3 % en reanimation). Les pathologies medicales etaient responsables de 84 % des deces aux urgences et 69,9 % en reanimation. L’anemie severe etait incriminee aux urgences dans 19,1 % des cas et l’AVC en reanimation dans 17,7 % des cas. Le taux de deces aux urgences etait de 2,6 % et en reanimation de 7,8 %. CONCLUSION : A Yaounde, la frequence des deces est de 2,6 % aux urgences et de 7,8 % en reanimation. La premiere cause est l’anemie severe aux urgences et l’AVC en reanimation. MOTS CLES : Etiologie ; deces ; urgence ; reanimation. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study was to analyze the causes of death at the emergency and intensive care units, in order to ameliorate the quality of management patients. METHODS: This was a cross sectional retrospective and prospective study that was carried out at the emergency and intensive care units of two hospitals of Yaounde. We included the medical records of all the deceased patients at these units. RESULTS: We analyzed the medical records of 252 deceased patients of which 94 came from the emergency unit and 158 from the intensive care unit. The mean age was 42±2.8 years; the most represented age group was 20-40 years. Females represented 53.8% of cases at the emergency units and 52.1% at the intensive care units. The reason for admission was impaired consciousness in 61.1% of cases at the emergency units and 51.3% at the intensive care units. Medical pathologies were responsible for 84% of deaths at the emergency and 69.9% at the reanimation unit. Severe anemia was the cause of death at the emergency for 19.1% of cases while stroke was the cause of death at the intensive care units for 17.7% of cases. The death rate was 2.6% at the emergency units and 7.8% at the intensive care units. CONCLUSION: In Yaounde city, the death rate is 2.6% at the emergency units and 7.8% at the intensive care units. Severe anemia is the most frequent cause at the emergency while stroke is the most frequent cause at the reanimation. KEY WORDS: Etiology, Death, Emergency, Reanimation.