Implementing patient-reported outcomes assessment in clinical practice: a review of the options and considerations Claire F. SnyderNeil K. AaronsonAli K. Choucair • Thomas E. ElliottJoanne GreenhalghMichele Y. Halyard • Rachel HessDeborah M. MillerBryce B. ReeveMaria Santana

Purpose While clinical care is frequently directed at making patients ‘‘feel better,’’ patients’ reports on their functioning and well-being (patient-reported outcomes [PROs]) are rarely collected in routine clinical practice. The International Society for Quality of Life Research (ISOQOL) has developed a User’s Guide for Implementing Patient-Reported Outcomes Assessment in Clinical Practice. This paper summarizes the key issues from the User’s Guide. Methods Using the literature, an ISOQOL team outlined considerations for using PROs in clinical practice; options for designing the intervention; and strengths, weaknesses, and resource requirements associated with each option. Results Implementing routine PRO assessment involves a number of methodological and practical decisions, including (1) identifying the goals for collecting PROs in clinical practice, (2) selecting the patients, setting, and timing of assessments, (3) determining which questionnaire(s) to use, (4) choosing a mode for administering and scoring the questionnaire, (5) designing processes for reporting results, (6) identifying aids to facilitate score interpretation, (7) developing strategies for responding to issues identified by the questionnaires, and (8) evaluating the impact of the PRO intervention on the practice. Conclusions Integrating PROs in clinical practice has the potential to enhance patient-centered care. The online version of the User’s Guide will be updated periodically. This paper is produced on behalf of the International Society for Quality of Life Research (ISOQOL). All authors are members of ISOQOL. All authors participated in writing the paper and reviewing the drafts. The manuscript was reviewed and approved by the ISOQOL Board of Directors as an ISOQOL publication and does not reflect an endorsement of the ISOQOL membership.