Growth factors as tools in photoreceptor cell regeneration and vision recovery

: Loss of photoreceptor is one of the largest causes of blindness in world. Stem cell therapy offers a new strategy in retina degenerative disease. Retinal progenitors can be derived from embryonic stem cells (ESC ( in vitro, but cannot processed to mature state. Also the adult recipient retina presents a very different environment to that from which photoreceptor precursor donor cells. It's look that modulation of the recipient environment by ectopic development regulated growth factors for transplanted cells could generate efficient putative photoreceptors. The purpose of this review article was to investigate the signaling pathway of growth factors including: insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), fibroblast growth factors (FGF), Nerve growth factor (NGF), Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Taurin and Retinoic acid (RA) involved in the differentiation of neuroretina cell, like; photoreceptor and retinal progenitor cells. To this end, the databases of directory of Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed (NLM), LISTA (EBSCO), as well as Open Access Journals were searched. Given the results available in the related literature, the differentiation efficacy of ESCs toward the photoreceptor and retinal neurons and the important role of growth factors in activate signaling pathways such as Akt, Ras/Raf1/ and ERKs also inhibiting the ASK1/JNK apoptosis pathway. Manipulate differentiated culture, using growth factors influence photoreceptor transplantation efficiency in retinal degenerative disease.