Anatomical Anomalies of the Foot and Ankle

An anomaly is something that is structurally unusual or irregular, and many anatomical anomalies have been identified in the foot and ankle. Some anomalous structures are identified incidentally upon evaluation or radiographic analysis and are generally not pathologic. Instances certainly exist, however, where an anomaly may be the source of pain, deformity, or altered function. It is beneficial for the foot and ankle specialist, and general practitioner, to have an understanding of the most common anomalies associated with the foot and ankle in order to direct treatment. Furthermore, a surgeon specializing in treating disease of the foot and ankle should be aware of anomalous structures to optimize surgical outcomes and prevent unforeseen postoperative complications. These structures can be musculoskeletal, vascular, or neurological. This chapter aims to discuss many of the commonly seen anatomical anomalies of the foot and ankle. Some rare anomalies are also discussed.