Fine particulate matter and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of respiratory origin.

Particulate matter (diameter ≤2.5 μm; PM2.5) is a potential risk factor for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) of respiratory origin. The percent increase in incidence of OHCA of respiratory origin is equivalent to that of PM2.5 exposure-related OHCAs of cardiac origin. Footnotes This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal . It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article. Conflict of Interest: Dr. Kojima reports grants and personal fees from Teijin Pharma, Ltd., grants from Daiichi Sankyo Company, Ltd., grants from Chugai Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., grants from Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., outside the submitted work. Conflict of Interest: Dr. Michikawa has nothing to disclose. Conflict of Interest: Dr. Matsui has nothing to disclose. Conflict of Interest: Dr. Ogawa reports personal fees from Bayer Yakuhin, personal fees from Novartis Pharma, personal fees from Bristol-Meyers Squibb, personal fees from Pfizer, personal fees from Towa Pharmaceutical, outside the submitted work. Conflict of Interest: Dr. Yonemoto has nothing to disclose. Conflict of Interest: Dr. Nitta has nothing to disclose. Conflict of Interest: Dr. Takami reports grants and personal fees from Ministry of Environment, Japan, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Sophia University, personal fees from Automobile Research Institute, personal fees from University of Occupational and Environmental Health, outside the submitted work. Conflict of Interest: Dr. Ueda has nothing to disclose. Conflict of Interest: Dr. Tahara has nothing to disclose. Conflict of Interest: Dr. Ikeda has nothing to disclose. Conflict of Interest: Dr. Nonogi has nothing to disclose. Conflict of Interest: Dr. Nagao has nothing to disclose. Conflict of Interest: Dr. Yamazaki has nothing to disclose. Conflict of Interest: Dr. Kobayashi reports grants from Takeda Pharmaceutical, grants and personal fees from Abbott Medical Japan, grants from Astellas, grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, grants from Ingelheim, grants and personal fees from Daiichi-Sankyo, grants from Lifeline, grants from Nipro, grants from Otsuka Pharmaceutical, grants from Terumo, grants from Win International, personal fees from Bayer, personal fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, outside the submitted work.