Prévalence sous-estimée de Pneumocystis jirovecii chez les personnes séropositives au VIH-1 au Burkina Faso

La pneumocystose a Pneumocystis jirovecii (PCP) est une infection opportuniste grave chez l’immunodeprime. L’objectif de cette etude etait de determiner la prevalence de la PCP chez patients VIH-1positifs. Des echantillons de crachat de 83 patients ont ete collectes dans des boites a crachat a usage unique. Apres un melange de l’echantillon avec 4 % de solution de NaOH, une serie de centrifugation a ete effectuee. Le culot a ete recupere dans des tubes Eppendorf et conserve a -20°C avant l’extraction de l’ADN. L’extraction et l’amplification de l’ADN ont et e faites avec le kit « Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) Real – TM ». L’appar eil Real Time PCR Fast 7500 a ete utilise pour l’amplification. Les resultats de notre etude ont montre la presence de la PCP chez 84,34 % des patients. Parmi eux 61,4% avaient un taux de CD4 compris entre 200 a 350 Cellules/μl et 38,6 % des patients avaient un taux de CD4 < 200 Cellules/μl. Les femmes etaient les plus to uchee s (74,7 %). La toux , l’expectoration et la fievre sont les signes cliniques les plus asso cie es a la survenue d’une PCP. Notre travail a permis de reveler la presence de cette maladie au sein des patients VIH-1positifs suivis a l’Hopital Saint Camille de Ouagadougou. Mots-cles: Pneumocystis a P. jirovecii , VIH, PCR en Temps Reelle, Burkina Faso English Title: Underestimated presence of Pneumocystis jirovecii in HIV-1 infected people in Burkina Faso English Abstract Pneumocystis jirovecii pne umoc ystis (PCP) is a severe opport unistic in fe ction in immunocompromised patients. The objective of this s tudy was to determine the prevalence of PCP in HIV- 1 patients. Sputum samples from 83 patients were collected in single-use sputum boxes. After mixing the sample with 4% NaOH solution, a series of centrifugation was performed. The pellet was recovered in Eppendorf tubes and stored at -20 ° C p rior to DNA e xtraction. Extraction and amplification of the DNA w as done with the kit " Pneumocystis jirovecii (Carinii) Real - TM". Real Time PCR Fast 7500 was used for amplification. The results of our study showed the presence of PCP in among 84.34% of the HIV-1 positive patients. Among them, 61.4% had a CD4 count between 200 and 350 cells / μl and 38.6% of patients had a CD4 count <200 cells / μl. Women were the most affected (74.7%). Cough, sputum and fever were the clinical signs mostly associated with the occurrence of PCP. Our work has revealed the presence of this disease in HIV-1 positive patients followed at St. Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou. Keywords: P. jirovecii Pneumocystis, HIV, Real-Time PCR, Burkina Faso