Proton production cross sections for reactions by 300- and 392-MeV protons on carbon, aluminum, and niobium

Proton productions from proton induced reactions have been investigated for target nuclei of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, and $^{93}\mathrm{Nb}$ at 300 and 392 MeV. Proton inelastic continua over a broad energy range were measured at laboratory angles from ${20}^{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}$ to ${105}^{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}$. The differential cross sections were compared with two theoretical models, the quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) and the intranuclear cascade (INC) model in terms of the multistep direct process. We demonstrated that consistencies of these models can be improved using a realistic ground state of target nucleus, and that the INC model developed presently has a fairly good consistency and a higher predictive ability than the QMD.