The experiences of adherence and non-adherence among patients with obstructive sleep apnea undergoing treatment with continuous positive airway pressure in Western Iran: a qualitative study

Abstract Adherence to continues positive airway pressure (CPAP) is low across multiple samples. Furthermore, there is insufficient information about the experiences of patients living with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Iran who have been proscribed continues positive airway pressure treatment. The aim of the present study was to better understand patient experiences in an effort to improve adherence. Participants (N =19) were selected purposefully at an Iranian sleep disorders clinic and interviews were conducted to extract qualitative data pertaining to patient experience. Data was analyzed using content analysis, an inductive technique. Participants reported a range of adherence (i.e., 11 fully adherent, 5 poor-adherent, and 3 non-adherent). Content analysis produced three main categories: Living with OSA, Challenges Accepting CPAP therapy, and Fluctuation in CPAP Acceptance. Each category was comprised of distinct subcategories. In conclusion, patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea experience specific challenges before and after CPAP initiation. Relevant factors stem from multiple systems and interact to impact adherence and wellness. Understanding and targeting these factors may prove helpful in increasing adherence.