Polymer ionic liquid bearing radicals as an active material for organic batteries with ultrafast charge-discharge rate

Abstract We report on the synthesis of a new polymer ionic liquid (PIL) based on polyvinylimidazolium bearing a pendent nitroxide radical on each monomer unit. Firstly, the quaternization of 1-vinylimidazole by a brominated alkoxyamine, i.e. a protected tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO) nitroxide, was achieved. Then, the bromide anion was substituted by anion exchange reaction for the bis(trifluoro-methanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion. The as-obtained monomer was successfully polymerized by free radical polymerization at low temperature (40 °C) by using 2,2′-azobis(4-methoxy-2.4-dimethyl valeronitrile) as initiator. Finally, the C O bond of the alkoxyamine pendant groups was thermally cleaved releasing the redox-active TEMPO nitroxide radicals. The PIL bearing TEMPO groups was coated onto a carbon nanotubes buckypaper and tested as cathode in a lithium ion battery. Such battery remarkably exhibits a high charge/discharge rate capability, e.g. at 60C the full charge is reached in 1 min and a high cycling stability; 100% of the initial capacity 60 mA h/g is kept after 1300 cycles.