A novel technique of cervical pedicle screw placement with a pilot screw under the guidance of intraoperative 3D imaging from C-arm cone-beam CT without navigation for safe and accurate insertion

Purpose The cervical pedicle screw (CPS) requires careful and accurate placement because of the critical risk for neurovascular injury. This study aimed to introduce and evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new CPS placement technique using intraoperative C-arm cone-beam CT (CBCT) and a pilot screw without navigation system.